近日，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表綜述，講述了中國(guó)稻蝦模式的發(fā)展故事，全面分析了稻蝦模式的環(huán)境生態(tài)效應(yīng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)和社會(huì)效應(yīng)，提出了中國(guó)稻蝦模式可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原理與技術(shù)策略。研究成果以“Crayfish–rice integrated system of production：An agriculture success story in China. A review”為題發(fā)表在Agronomy for Sustainable Development上。
圖1 中國(guó)稻蝦模式的面積分布
中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)正在尋求可持續(xù)的增產(chǎn)以解決糧食問題。傳統(tǒng)的“高投入、高污染”的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式給資源和環(huán)境帶來了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。目前，中國(guó)正在推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式向資源節(jié)約和綠色發(fā)展方向轉(zhuǎn)變，近年來，稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式因其顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益在我國(guó)得到了迅速發(fā)展。本文中，我們利用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、文獻(xiàn)綜述，結(jié)合本團(tuán)隊(duì)多年長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果，回顧了稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式在中國(guó)的起源和發(fā)展，并將中國(guó)稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式與世界其他地區(qū)的類似農(nóng)業(yè)模型進(jìn)行了比較，全面綜述分析了稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式在生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)方面的效應(yīng)，以便對(duì)其進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)價(jià)，并得出了三個(gè)主要結(jié)論。首先，盡管最初引進(jìn)的小龍蝦來自美國(guó)，但稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式在中國(guó)的快速發(fā)展使中國(guó)迅速成為世界上最大的小龍蝦生產(chǎn)國(guó)，中國(guó)的小龍蝦產(chǎn)量占世界產(chǎn)量的90%以上，成為小龍蝦加工和餐飲行業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。其次，中國(guó)特有的稻蝦種養(yǎng)模式促進(jìn)了水稻種植向優(yōu)質(zhì)、綠色生產(chǎn)體系的轉(zhuǎn)型。最后，稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式對(duì)稻田系統(tǒng)的土壤質(zhì)量、水分和養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、害蟲限制和生物多樣性發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極影響。稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式成為中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的一個(gè)成功案例?；谝陨戏治?，本文提出了稻蝦綜合種養(yǎng)模式可持續(xù)發(fā)展的生態(tài)原理和技術(shù)策略，這些結(jié)果也可為世界范圍內(nèi)其他種養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)的綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考。
圖2 稻蝦模式可持續(xù)發(fā)展原理與技術(shù)策略
農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)過20多年稻田綜合種養(yǎng)模式的研究，提出了稻田綜合種養(yǎng)綠色發(fā)展的理論體系，構(gòu)建了“雙水雙綠”稻蝦、稻鴨綜合種養(yǎng)模式，出版了《湖北省“雙水雙綠”產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究》專著，發(fā)表相關(guān)研究論文34篇。
植物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)團(tuán)隊(duì)江洋副教授為論文第1作者，曹湊貴教授為通訊作者。上述研究獲得國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金等項(xiàng)目的共同資助。
【英文摘要】
Chinese agriculture is seeking a sustainable production increase in order to solve the food problem for its population. The traditional “high input, high pollution” agricultural production mode has led to a large burden on resources and on the environment. At present, China is promoting the transformation of its agricultural production modes in the direction of resource conservation and green development. In recent years, the crayfish-rice integrated system of production （CRISP） has been developed intensively in China due to its important economic benefits. evaluating this new agricultural model comprehensively and guiding the related green sustainable development are urgent issues. Here we used statistical data and literature to review the origin and development of CRISP in China and to compare the Chinese CRISP with similar models in other parts of the world. We reviewed studies on the ecological and social effects of CRISP for its objective evaluation and drew three main findings. First, although the crayfish initially introduced were sourced from the United States, the extensive application of CRISP led China to rapidly become the largest crayfish producer worldwide — accounting for over 90% of the crayfish production — and a leader in crayfish processing and catering industries. Second, the specific Chinese CRISP culture model promotes a green transformation towards a high-quality rice production system. Finally, CRISP affected positively soil quality, water and nutrient recycling, pest limitation and biodiversity development in the paddy field system. CRISP reveals a good example of effective application of green revolution in China's agricultural production. We analyse for the first time the specific ecological foundation and management model for the sustainable development of CRISP. These observations provide reference for the development of other agriculture–livestock integrated systems worldwide.
論文鏈接：https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13593-021-00724-w.pdf
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