食品伙伴網(wǎng)導(dǎo)讀：這是根據(jù)目前正在進(jìn)行的讀者問卷調(diào)查的即時(shí)反饋，我們首次嘗試給大家?guī)砼c以前的資訊相比略微輕松的來自美國民間的聲音。本文的作者是一位美國某網(wǎng)站特約作家： Colin Caywood ，來自華盛頓西雅圖馬勒克拉克律師事務(wù)所，ccaywood @ marlerclark.com 1999年于華盛頓大學(xué)獲得了藝術(shù)社會(huì)學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，西雅圖地區(qū)的律師事務(wù)所工作。多年來，他曾廣泛涉及食源性疾病的訴訟案件。在2005年秋季，西雅圖大學(xué)法學(xué)院讀書。2008年，獲得法學(xué)博士學(xué)位。 2008年8月，他作為第三合伙人回到馬勒克拉克公司。
文章摘要:自助餐，這個(gè)詞總能喚起我臉上的笑容，現(xiàn)在，我仍對幼時(shí)在我的家鄉(xiāng)新開的那家自助餐廳記憶猶新,我和我的小伙伴們都對那里向往至極，我對父母軟磨硬泡，甚至采用眼淚攻勢，終于他們答應(yīng)帶我去那家我神往已久的神奇的自助餐廳。成堆的奶油白色的土豆泥、烤牛肉、取之不盡的奶油玉米、一碗接一碗的香草巧克力冰激凌。。。我討厭偶爾想起這些我童年的美食經(jīng)歷，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在，自助餐是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的這一事實(shí)已經(jīng)顯而易見，自助餐已經(jīng)引發(fā)了無數(shù)起食源性中毒事件。而這些都?xì)w咎于“交叉污染”。這種交叉污染可能發(fā)生在受污染的食物與衛(wèi)生健康的食物之間，也可能發(fā)生在病菌攜帶者與健康的食物以及其他食客之間。作為自助餐廳的經(jīng)營者來說，所能做的就是提供給顧客良好的清潔劑和清水，以及該冷藏的食物冷藏，該加熱的食物加熱，而對于消費(fèi)者來說，在去自助餐廳之前，用大量的肥皂和清水清洗自己的手是至關(guān)重要的；不要吃未得到妥善保存的食物，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題就通知員工餐廳員工來進(jìn)行處理；不要吃那些顯然已經(jīng)放了很久的食物；如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)托盤中有被觸摸的食物或餐具，不要吃它或拿出來用，應(yīng)立即通知雇員，用一個(gè)干凈的食物或用具來取代。記住，與細(xì)菌引起食物變質(zhì)不同，食物表面的潛在致命的細(xì)菌和病毒是不能聞到或嘗到。預(yù)防和安全處理食品是減少你的食源性中毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的唯一途徑。
原文報(bào)道：
Buffets. The word alone causes a smile to appear on my face. I can still recall with vivid clarity the new buffet restaurant that opened in my hometown when I was a young boy, and the bizarre obsession to experience it that overtook me and my friends. I pled with my parents--tears may have been involved--for just the opportunity to dine there. Finally, after my incessant whining, Mom and Dad caved and took me to the magical restaurant. The place had it all. Piles of creamy white mashed potatoes, juicy slabs of roast beef, bottomless creamed corn, and bowl after bowl of chocolate and vanilla soft-serve ice cream that you could top with every candy and cookie piece imaginable. It was--in a word--glorious. Even today, I cannot travel to Las Vegas without at least one trip down a gut-busting food smorgasbord.
Of course, as any buffet connoisseur knows, there are some amazing buffets out there to be experienced, with food quality equal to or better than one can find at some of the very best restaurants. There are also some very, VERY bad buffets, the type I imagine people are sent to as court-ordered punishment for misdeeds. But regardless of whether you are enjoying a $60 lobster and champagne dinner buffet or a $4.99 roadside-kill version, there is at least one thing all buffets have in common: cross-contamination risk. Cue the wah-wah sound.
I hate to knock one of my favorite childhood dining experiences, but the simple truth is that buffets can be risky. They have been linked to countless incidents of foodborne illness. Here are just a few examples:
• In 2001, local Minnesota health departments noted a cluster of E. coli O157:H7 cases in Douglas and Pope County. All of the cases required hospitalization due to the severity of their infections. After investigating, epidemiologists discovered that all of the case-patients had dined at the same Chinese buffet restaurant in Alexandria, MN.
• In 2002, a large Salmonella outbreak occurred at a buffet restaurant in Spruce Pine, North Carolina. Hamburger steak with gravy, fried chicken, and ham all tested positive for the presence of Salmonella Heidelberg. Two employees were found to be infected with the same strain of Salmonella Heidelberg. Both had eaten food that had been prepared at the restaurant so it was not clear if they were the source of the outbreak or if they were victims, like the patrons.
• In 2003, multiple people, residing in several states, became ill with Shigella after their stay at a hotel in Westminster, Colorado. Several groups were affected, including hotel staff, a veterans' group, a wedding group, and other hotel guests. The same strain of Shigella was detected among the culture-confirmed cases. The investigation determined that the illnesses were associated with eating from the breakfast buffet.
These are but a few cases where buffet dining resulted in an outbreak of illnesses. So what is it about buffets that creates the perfect mechanism for spreading foodborne bacteria and viruses? Again, it all comes back to cross-contamination. Cross-contamination is the transfer of disease-causing microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from one food to another. This transfer can happen in a variety of ways. For example, contaminated food may come in direct contact with other foods, or one food's juices may drip contaminated liquid on another food. Cross-contamination can also occur when a person with unclean hands touches a food item or utensil, thus spreading bacteria or viruses on their hands to everyone else who comes in contact with that food or utensil.
The self-serve format of buffet restaurants practically invites such cross-contamination issues. Think of it this way. In a good restaurant kitchen, the employees are well trained in proper food handling practices. They all wear gloves, and replace them with a fresh pair any time they touch their face, hair, or anything unclean. They wash their hands frequently, especially after each bathroom use or after touching anything unclean. Their employers have very clear ill employee policies in place, and the employees follow those policies.
At a buffet-style restaurant, however, in addition to the usual food service employees, there is you. That's right, YOU are one of the food servers at a buffet, and so is every other man, woman, and child eating at the establishment. Think of all the serving spoons and forks you must touch just to fill your plate with a delicious sampling of foods. Now think about all the other people sitting around you who touched that exact same spoon or folk. I know you and your family are diligent hand washers, but what about everyone else? Ever found a serving utensil floating in the food dish? or even the handle sitting slightly askew and touching the food? That is cross-contamination and you do not want to put that food in your mouth.
Other important dangers for buffet dining involve proper temperature maintenance. Quite simply, hot foods need to be kept hot, and cold foods need to be kept cold. Government food agencies recommend that hot foods be held at 140 F or warmer, while cold foods should be held at 40 F or colder. Trouble arises when the food's temperature rises above 40 F or below 140 F. It is in this range that bacteria potentially present in small amounts can quickly grow and multiply, making it dangerous to consume and significantly increasing the risk of illness to consumers. The presentation and serving style of buffets makes proper food holding temperature practices very difficult.
While there is no way to guarantee that your buffet dining experience will not result in a serious foodborne illness, there are a few things everyone can do to minimize their risk when dining at a buffet-style restaurant.
• Before hitting the buffet line, and ideally after dishing up, everyone at the table should take a side trip to the bathroom for a thorough hand washing with lots of soap and hot water.
• Do not eat foods that are not being kept appropriately hot or cold, and notify an employee who can remedy the situation if you note a problem.
• Do not eat foods that have obviously been sitting out for long periods of time.
• If you notice a utensil handle resting in the tray or touching the food, do not pull it out and use it. Immediately notify an employee so that the food can be removed and replaced with a fresh batch of food and a clean serving utensil.
Remember, unlike pathogens that cause food to spoil, the potentially deadly bacteria and viruses that live on foods and food preparation surfaces cannot be smelled or tasted. Prevention and safe food handling is the only way to decrease your risk of becoming ill from a foodborne pathogen.
文章摘要:自助餐，這個(gè)詞總能喚起我臉上的笑容，現(xiàn)在，我仍對幼時(shí)在我的家鄉(xiāng)新開的那家自助餐廳記憶猶新,我和我的小伙伴們都對那里向往至極，我對父母軟磨硬泡，甚至采用眼淚攻勢，終于他們答應(yīng)帶我去那家我神往已久的神奇的自助餐廳。成堆的奶油白色的土豆泥、烤牛肉、取之不盡的奶油玉米、一碗接一碗的香草巧克力冰激凌。。。我討厭偶爾想起這些我童年的美食經(jīng)歷，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在，自助餐是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的這一事實(shí)已經(jīng)顯而易見，自助餐已經(jīng)引發(fā)了無數(shù)起食源性中毒事件。而這些都?xì)w咎于“交叉污染”。這種交叉污染可能發(fā)生在受污染的食物與衛(wèi)生健康的食物之間，也可能發(fā)生在病菌攜帶者與健康的食物以及其他食客之間。作為自助餐廳的經(jīng)營者來說，所能做的就是提供給顧客良好的清潔劑和清水，以及該冷藏的食物冷藏，該加熱的食物加熱，而對于消費(fèi)者來說，在去自助餐廳之前，用大量的肥皂和清水清洗自己的手是至關(guān)重要的；不要吃未得到妥善保存的食物，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題就通知員工餐廳員工來進(jìn)行處理；不要吃那些顯然已經(jīng)放了很久的食物；如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)托盤中有被觸摸的食物或餐具，不要吃它或拿出來用，應(yīng)立即通知雇員，用一個(gè)干凈的食物或用具來取代。記住，與細(xì)菌引起食物變質(zhì)不同，食物表面的潛在致命的細(xì)菌和病毒是不能聞到或嘗到。預(yù)防和安全處理食品是減少你的食源性中毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的唯一途徑。
原文報(bào)道：
Opinion & Contributed Articles
Buffets and Cross-Contamination
by Colin Caywood | Jul 20, 2010Buffets. The word alone causes a smile to appear on my face. I can still recall with vivid clarity the new buffet restaurant that opened in my hometown when I was a young boy, and the bizarre obsession to experience it that overtook me and my friends. I pled with my parents--tears may have been involved--for just the opportunity to dine there. Finally, after my incessant whining, Mom and Dad caved and took me to the magical restaurant. The place had it all. Piles of creamy white mashed potatoes, juicy slabs of roast beef, bottomless creamed corn, and bowl after bowl of chocolate and vanilla soft-serve ice cream that you could top with every candy and cookie piece imaginable. It was--in a word--glorious. Even today, I cannot travel to Las Vegas without at least one trip down a gut-busting food smorgasbord.
Of course, as any buffet connoisseur knows, there are some amazing buffets out there to be experienced, with food quality equal to or better than one can find at some of the very best restaurants. There are also some very, VERY bad buffets, the type I imagine people are sent to as court-ordered punishment for misdeeds. But regardless of whether you are enjoying a $60 lobster and champagne dinner buffet or a $4.99 roadside-kill version, there is at least one thing all buffets have in common: cross-contamination risk. Cue the wah-wah sound.
I hate to knock one of my favorite childhood dining experiences, but the simple truth is that buffets can be risky. They have been linked to countless incidents of foodborne illness. Here are just a few examples:
• In 2001, local Minnesota health departments noted a cluster of E. coli O157:H7 cases in Douglas and Pope County. All of the cases required hospitalization due to the severity of their infections. After investigating, epidemiologists discovered that all of the case-patients had dined at the same Chinese buffet restaurant in Alexandria, MN.
• In 2002, a large Salmonella outbreak occurred at a buffet restaurant in Spruce Pine, North Carolina. Hamburger steak with gravy, fried chicken, and ham all tested positive for the presence of Salmonella Heidelberg. Two employees were found to be infected with the same strain of Salmonella Heidelberg. Both had eaten food that had been prepared at the restaurant so it was not clear if they were the source of the outbreak or if they were victims, like the patrons.
• In 2003, multiple people, residing in several states, became ill with Shigella after their stay at a hotel in Westminster, Colorado. Several groups were affected, including hotel staff, a veterans' group, a wedding group, and other hotel guests. The same strain of Shigella was detected among the culture-confirmed cases. The investigation determined that the illnesses were associated with eating from the breakfast buffet.
These are but a few cases where buffet dining resulted in an outbreak of illnesses. So what is it about buffets that creates the perfect mechanism for spreading foodborne bacteria and viruses? Again, it all comes back to cross-contamination. Cross-contamination is the transfer of disease-causing microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from one food to another. This transfer can happen in a variety of ways. For example, contaminated food may come in direct contact with other foods, or one food's juices may drip contaminated liquid on another food. Cross-contamination can also occur when a person with unclean hands touches a food item or utensil, thus spreading bacteria or viruses on their hands to everyone else who comes in contact with that food or utensil.
The self-serve format of buffet restaurants practically invites such cross-contamination issues. Think of it this way. In a good restaurant kitchen, the employees are well trained in proper food handling practices. They all wear gloves, and replace them with a fresh pair any time they touch their face, hair, or anything unclean. They wash their hands frequently, especially after each bathroom use or after touching anything unclean. Their employers have very clear ill employee policies in place, and the employees follow those policies.
At a buffet-style restaurant, however, in addition to the usual food service employees, there is you. That's right, YOU are one of the food servers at a buffet, and so is every other man, woman, and child eating at the establishment. Think of all the serving spoons and forks you must touch just to fill your plate with a delicious sampling of foods. Now think about all the other people sitting around you who touched that exact same spoon or folk. I know you and your family are diligent hand washers, but what about everyone else? Ever found a serving utensil floating in the food dish? or even the handle sitting slightly askew and touching the food? That is cross-contamination and you do not want to put that food in your mouth.
Other important dangers for buffet dining involve proper temperature maintenance. Quite simply, hot foods need to be kept hot, and cold foods need to be kept cold. Government food agencies recommend that hot foods be held at 140 F or warmer, while cold foods should be held at 40 F or colder. Trouble arises when the food's temperature rises above 40 F or below 140 F. It is in this range that bacteria potentially present in small amounts can quickly grow and multiply, making it dangerous to consume and significantly increasing the risk of illness to consumers. The presentation and serving style of buffets makes proper food holding temperature practices very difficult.
While there is no way to guarantee that your buffet dining experience will not result in a serious foodborne illness, there are a few things everyone can do to minimize their risk when dining at a buffet-style restaurant.
• Before hitting the buffet line, and ideally after dishing up, everyone at the table should take a side trip to the bathroom for a thorough hand washing with lots of soap and hot water.
• Do not eat foods that are not being kept appropriately hot or cold, and notify an employee who can remedy the situation if you note a problem.
• Do not eat foods that have obviously been sitting out for long periods of time.
• If you notice a utensil handle resting in the tray or touching the food, do not pull it out and use it. Immediately notify an employee so that the food can be removed and replaced with a fresh batch of food and a clean serving utensil.
Remember, unlike pathogens that cause food to spoil, the potentially deadly bacteria and viruses that live on foods and food preparation surfaces cannot be smelled or tasted. Prevention and safe food handling is the only way to decrease your risk of becoming ill from a foodborne pathogen.
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